SYLLABUS

UNIT-I

Structure of the atmosphere; Pressure, temperature, precipitation, cloud classification and formation; calories force; EI Nino phenomenon; western disturbance; energy model and budget of the earth. Primary differentiation and formation of core, mantle, crust, atmosphere and hydrosphere; magma generation and formation of igneous rock; weathering; erosion; transportation and deposition of earth’s material by running water; river meandering and formation of ox-bow lake.

UNIT-II

Depletion of natural capital; development as causes of disaster; rapid population growth, environmental pollution; epidemics; industrials accidents and chemical releases; multipurpose project and resettlement issues; humanitarian assistance in emergencies.

UNIT-III

Floods- flood plains, drainage, basins, nature and frequency of flooding, flood hazards, urbanization and flooding, flood hydrographs, dams barrages and rivers diversions, creation of reservoir, influence on micro-climate, impact on flora and fauna.
Landslides- landslide analysis, determination of stability and safety factor.
Coastal hazards- tropical cyclone, coastal erosion, sea level changes and its impact on coastal areas and coastal zone management.
Climate change- Emissions and global warming, impact on sea level in south Asian region environmental disruptions and their implications.

UNIT-IV

Earth quakes- preliminary concepts, seismic waves, travel-time and location of epicenter, nature of destruction, a seismic designing, quake resistant building and dams.
Tsunamis- causes and location of tsunamis; disturbance in sea floor and release of energy, travel time and impact on fragile coastal environment volcanoes-causes of volcanism, volcanism materials, geographic distribution of volcanoes.